Season 4 // Episode 4: What is Rock Art?

Petroglyphs and Pictographs

In season 4, we’re digging into some of the most commonly asked questions at Mesa Verde National Park.

It’s a means of storytelling. It’s a means of sharing the symbolism. It could be symbolism for a warning... or it could just be a sign, say, be safe and enjoy your journey.
— TJ Atsye, Laguna Pueblo

The rock art in the Southwest is as iconic to the region as the cliff dwellings themselves. From animal shapes to handprints to intricate spirals, these petroglyphs and pictographs adorn the landscape, leaving messages from hundreds and thousands of years in the past. What do these symbols mean? And what might they still communicate today?

We’ll hear from TJ Atsye (Laguna Pueblo) and Stewart B. Koyiyumptewa (Hopi) as they shares their knowledge of rock art and its meanings within Mesa Verde National Park and their homelands of Laguna and Hopi.


Additional Resources


Petroglyph Point Trail - Mesa Verde National Park

geometric etched designs depicting people, hand prints, big horn sheep, spirals, and mountains adorn a sandstone cliff wall

PETROGLYPH PANEL ALONG PETROGLYPH POINT TRAIL, MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK // NPS PHOTO

This rugged trail could be considered the front door to the village of Spruce Tree House, leading you through Spruce and Navajo Canyons, and past a large petroglyph panel located 1.4 miles (2.3 km) from the trailhead.

Remember that any places where petroglyphs or pictographs mark the landscape are sacred and special places to the descendants of those people who made them. Always visit with respect.

The trailhead is located near the Chapin Mesa Archeological Museum. Please contact a ranger for times the gate above the trailhead is open. Trail guide available.


Petroglyph National Monument

etched petroglyphs depicting a snake and possibly a coyote adorn the side of a large volcanic boulder under a blue sky with wispy clouds

Petroglyphs on a large bolder at petroglyph national monument // NPS PHOTO/DANIEL LEIFHEIT

Petroglyph National Monument protects one of the largest petroglyph sites in North America, featuring designs and symbols carved onto volcanic rocks by Indigenous peoples and Spanish settlers 400 to 700 years ago.

These images are a valuable record of cultural expression and hold profound spiritual significance for contemporary Indigenous peoples and for the descendants of the early Spanish settlers.

Always visit with respect.


Balcony House

looking through a small masonry into a plaza with two rooms with partially-standing walls, and two subterranean kivas in a sandstone alcove

view of the kiva plaza in Balcony House // NPS PHOTO/KAYLA EILER WOODWARD

Balcony House, located along the Cliff Palace driving loop at Mesa Verde National Park, is a village of 38 rooms and two kivas. It probably housed up to 30 people. Two naturally-occurring seep springs are located nearby, one within the alcove and one just below.

Balcony House is accessible to the public seasonally by way of ticketed ranger-guided tours. Visit the Mesa Verde National Park website for current information.


Canyons of the Ancients National Monument

a small sandstone alcove with streaks of dark desert varnish above two human hand prints outlined with a dark pigmented paint

Painted hand pueblo / photo by kayla woodward

Located northwest of Mesa Verde National Park, Canyons of the Ancients National Monument consists of 176,000 acres of federal land administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM).

The Monument contains the highest known archaeological site density in the United States, including Painted Hand Pueblo. If you look closely in the photo (right) you’ll see, at least, two negative handprint pictographs.

Visit Canyons of the Ancient National Monument website to plan your visit and remember to always visit with respect.


Mesa Top Loop Audio Tour

Check out the Mesa Top Loop Audio Tour - put together by Mesa Verde National Park - to follow the footsteps left behind by the Pueblo ancestors.

Download or stream this multi-part tour now on Apple Podcasts or visit Mesa Verde National Park’s website to find a transcript.